The role of spatial structure in the evolution of viral innate immunity evasion: A diffusion-reaction cellular automaton model.

Most viruses have evolved strategies for preventing interferon (IFN) secretion and evading innate Parts immunity.Recent work has shown that viral shutdown of IFN secretion can be viewed as a social trait, since the ability of a given virus to evade IFN-mediated immunity depends on the phenotype of neighbor viruses.Following this idea, we investigat

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Monitoring Bedfast Ice and Ice Phenology in Lakes of the Lena River Delta Using TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Coherence Time Series

Thermokarst lakes and ponds are major elements of permafrost landscapes, occupying up to 40% of the land area in some Arctic regions.Shallow lakes freeze to the bed, thus preventing permafrost thaw underneath them and limiting the length of the period with greenhouse gas production in the unfrozen lake sediments.Radar remote Crumbers sensing permit

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